This post shows you how to add the customer address fields to the customer registration page. It uses the existing setShowAddressFields method for displaying the address fields on the customer registration page.
Create the file customer_account_create.xml in the directory app/design/frontend/Vendor/Theme/Magento_Customer/layout/
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="1column" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
<body>
<referenceBlock name="customer_form_register">
<arguments>
<argument name="show_address_fields" xsi:type="boolean">true</argument>
</arguments>
</referenceBlock>
</body>
</page>
This has been tested and works on Magento 2.3.3+.